Sauté the ginger in oil over medium heat until lightly browned. Add the onion, garlic, white parts of the scallions, peppercorns, bay leaves, and star anise. Season with salt and sauté for a few minutes.
Season the chicken with salt, then add to the pot and cook until lightly browned.
Pour in the water and bring to a boil. Skim off any foam, then add the fish sauce and chicken base.
Lower the heat. Cover and simmer for about 20 minutes, or until the chicken is cooked through. Don’t overcook it. Taste and adjust as needed.
Transfer the chicken to a plate. Once cool enough to handle, shred or slice. Return the bones to the pot and simmer for a few more minutes, if you like.
Strain the broth and keep it hot.
In a separate pot, boil the noodles according to the package directions. Drain well.
Divide the noodles into bowls. Top with chicken, cabbage, scallions, and boiled eggs.
Ladle the hot broth over the top. Add some fried garlic or shallots, if you like. Serve with calamansi or lemon and chili oil on the side.