In a pot, cover beef with water. Boil for 10 minutes, then drain and rinse well.
Set the Instant Pot to Sauté and add oil. Season beef with salt, pepper, and fish sauce. Sear until lightly browned.
Add more oil if needed. Sauté ginger, garlic, and onion until softened and lightly browned.
Add soy sauce, sugar, and 8 cups water (or enough to cover the beef). Add cinnamon stick, star anise, and bay leaves. Use a spice packet if you like.
Cook on High Pressure for 40 minutes. For stovetop, simmer covered for 2 to 2½ hours, or until tender. Skim off fat as needed.
Strain broth into a pot and keep hot. Remove spices. Add more water as needed, then taste and adjust seasoning.
Place beef in a pan with ½ cup broth. Season more to taste.
Mix 1 tablespoon cornstarch with 2 tablespoons water, then pour into the pan. Stir until the sauce lightly thickens and coats the beef.
Cook noodles according to package directions. Drain well.
Divide noodles into bowls. Top with beef, napa cabbage, boiled eggs, scallions, and fried garlic.
Ladle very hot broth over the noodles. Serve with chili oil and calamansi or lemon if you like.