Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper, leaving some overhang on the sides. Lightly grease the paper.
Separate 12 eggs. Place the whites in a large, clean mixing bowl and the yolks in a medium heatproof bowl.
In the heatproof bowl, whisk together the 12 egg yolks, 1 cup condensed milk, 2 tablespoons cornstarch, 1 teaspoon vanilla, a pinch of salt, lemon zest, and 1 tablespoon lemon juice. Set over simmering water.
Cook, stirring often, until thickened. It’s ready when it falls in a thick ribbon. Stir in 2 tablespoons butter until melted and smooth. Let cool.
Whip the egg whites on medium-low until foamy. Add 1 teaspoon cream of tartar. Increase to medium-high and gradually add ¾ cup sugar. Add 1 teaspoon vanilla and 2 tablespoons cornstarch. Beat until stiff, glossy peaks form.
Spread the meringue evenly on the prepared baking sheet. Bake for 20 to 25 minutes, until lightly golden. Turn off the oven, leave the door slightly open, and let it rest inside for 10 minutes.
Dust the top with powdered sugar. Place a new sheet of parchment on top, then gently flip onto a flat surface. Peel off the original parchment.
With the new parchment still attached, roll the meringue from the long side, then unroll and let it cool flat.
Spread the custard over half of the meringue, leaving about a 1-inch gap at the edge. Roll it up from the filled side, using the parchment to help guide it.
Place seam-side down on a serving plate. Dust with powdered sugar, if you like. Chill for 1 hour before slicing.