Corn (Mais)

Scientifically known as Zea mays, it is a grain that originated in Mexico and has become a staple in diets worldwide. It grows on tall green plants in fields, primarily during warmer months.

When you think of corn, you probably picture the golden yellow kernels arranged neatly in rows on a cob. These kernels are protected by green leaves called husks. Inside the cob, you'll find silky threads, which are often referred to as "corn silk."

Corn is incredibly versatile. It is enjoyed on its own or utilized in various food applications. Beyond the kitchen, it finds purpose in manufacturing biodegradable plastics and as essential livestock feed.

Varieties of corn

While there are many varieties out there, each adapting to its unique environment and culture, some have taken a more prominent place in our kitchens and traditions. Here are the most popular ones in the Philippines and the US.

Philippine corn varieties

• White Corn (Waxy or Glutinous Corn): Often referred to as "lagkitan," this type has a distinctive sticky texture when cooked. It's a key ingredient in popular Filipino snacks like "kornik," a crunchy, seasoned treat made from deep-fried corn kernels, and "binatog," boiled corn kernels with shredded coconut sold by street vendors.

GMO or genetically modified corn has undergone genetic engineering to introduce specific traits to enhance its quality, yield, or resistance to challenges. Through these modifications, corn can resist certain pests, tolerate specific herbicides, and offer improved nutritional content in some cases.

The use of GMO corn has become widespread over the past few decades. However, it remains a topic of debate. Advocates argue that GMO corn contributes to more sustainable farming and ensures food security.

Critics express concerns about potential long-term health effects, environmental implications, and the economic consequences related to the dominance of a few biotech companies in the seed industry.

The consensus among scientific and regulatory bodies is that GMO corn is safe for consumption, but it's essential to consider both its advantages and the concerns associated with its cultivation and use.

According to WebMD, corn is a complex carbohydrate with a range of nutrients, making it a beneficial part of a balanced diet when consumed in moderation. Here's a quick overview:

• Nutrient-Rich: It's packed with essential vitamins and minerals, including B vitamins, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and various antioxidants.
• Dietary Fiber: This aids in digestion and can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
• Eye Health: Lutein, a carotenoid present, can help reduce the risk of eye conditions like macular degeneration and cataracts.
• Heart & Circulatory Health: Being a valuable source of potassium, it supports a robust heartbeat and proper blood flow, warding off conditions like hypokalemia.
• Antioxidants: It contains the antioxidant quercetin, known for its neuron-protective properties that may lower the risk of Alzheimer's and dementia, and is also beneficial in treating prostatitis.
• Gluten-Free: An excellent alternative for those avoiding gluten, it is a natural substitute for wheat-based products.

While corn has health benefits, it has a high carbohydrate content. Corn derivatives like high fructose corn syrup are associated with health risks. A significant portion of U.S. corn is genetically modified, raising health and environmental concerns for some.

Consuming corn in its natural form and in moderation can complement a healthy diet. Additionally, making mindful choices when including specific corn products in your diet is essential.

How to pick fresh corn

Start by checking the husk; it should be a vibrant green, snug around the ear, and slightly damp. Pressing gently through the husk, you should feel plump, firm kernels from tip to base.

The tassel, or silky threads at the top, should be light brown or gold and a tad sticky; black or dry tassels indicate older corn.

Though some shoppers hesitate, pull back the husk slightly to check for bright, tightly-packed kernels. Keep an eye out for any small holes, particularly at the top, which could indicate worm damage.

For those concerned about GMOs, look for the PLU code on the sticker. Organic corn will have a five-digit PLU starting with the number "9," while conventionally grown four-digit codes do not indicate whether an item is GMO or non-GMO.

To be more certain, opt for corn labeled with the Non-GMO Project Verified seal or buy organic corn. Remember, its sweetness diminishes with time as its sugars convert to starch.

For optimal flavor, enjoy your corn shortly after purchase. Its natural sugars start converting to starch once it's harvested, which makes it less sweet over time and might make it chewier.

If you can't consume it immediately, refrigeration is key for preserving those natural sugars. Keeping corn cold helps slow down the sugar-to-starch conversion process. If you'll consume it within a few hours, room temperature should be fine.

Leave the husks to keep it moist and protect the kernels from drying out. Wrap it in a plastic bag that allows for air circulation. Avoid sealing the bag too tightly, as trapped moisture can cause mold.

Store it in the crisper drawer of your refrigerator, where it should remain fresh for up to a week. Keep in mind that the sooner you eat it, the sweeter it will be.

If you want a longer shelf life, consider freezing the kernels after blanching them. Frozen corn can last up to a year.

How to shuck corn

To shuck corn, grip the tassel and top of the husk while holding the base. Pull down firmly, possibly in sections, to remove all husk layers.

Once husked, brush off the clinging silky threads by hand. Rinse the cob under cool water to clear any remaining silk or debris before cooking.

How to cut corn off the cob

Cutting corn off the cob can be simple and efficient when done correctly. With the right technique, it can be quick and mess-free. Here are two effective methods to easily de-kernel your corn:

Boiling corn on the cob is a straightforward technique that yields deliciously tender and plump kernels. Here are the steps to achieve corn-on-the-cob perfection:

• Prepare the corn: Begin by husking the corn and stripping off any silk strands.
• Prepare the pot: Fill a large pot two-thirds with water, ensuring ample space for all corn ears. Bring the water to a rolling boil. Contrary to common practice, Cooks Illustrated recommends skipping the salt in the boiling process, as it can make the kernels tough.
• Cook: Once the water is boiling, gently add the corn using tongs. Allow it to cook for a brief 3-5 minutes until the kernels are tender and plump.
• Serve: Use tongs to remove the corn from the pot. Serve it immediately with butter and your favorite seasonings.

How to grill corn on the cob

Grilling brings out the inherent sweetness of corn and adds a smoky flavor. Here are two easy and effective ways:

Have you ever realized how much corn goes into things we use in the kitchen every day? It's more than you might think! Let's take a look at some common items that have a bit of corn in them:

• Cornstarch: This culinary workhorse thickens up sauces, soups, and gravies with its magical binding power.
• Cornmeal: A coarsely ground corn, it finds its place in dishes like polenta and grits.
• Corn or Vegetable Oil: With a high smoke point, this oil is your go-to for frying, sautéing, and baking.
• Corn Syrup: It sweetens candies, baked goods, and desserts, making them all the more indulgent.
• Snacks: Treats like popcorn and corn chips are made with corn and corn-based ingredients for flavor and texture.
• Corn Tortillas: These thin rounds of masa harina are a staple in various dishes, especially in Mexican cuisine.
• Bakery Products: Corn steps into the bakery scene with its components like cornmeal, cornstarch, or corn syrup, contributing to stability and texture.
• Beverages (carbonated, fruit drinks): You might not realize it, but many beverages contain high fructose corn syrup.
• Cereal and Breakfast Items: Look closely at your morning bowl - corn-based ingredients like corn syrup might play a role in taste and texture.
• Confectionery (chocolate, candies): The consistency and flavor of some confectionery items owe credit to corn syrup or cornstarch.
• Desserts: Cornstarch creates that wonderfully smooth and creamy texture, often accompanied by corn syrup for added sweetness and consistency.
• Frozen Desserts (ice cream, sherbets): Your favorite frozen treats may possibly have the added support of corn syrup or corn-derived stabilizers.
• Spreads: From jams to peanut butter, these spreads might sneak in corn syrup, thickeners, or stabilizers for that perfect consistency.
• Meat products (sausage, etc.): Some meat items rely on corn-based ingredients like cornstarch as binding agents for a cohesive bite.
• Salad dressing, sauces, and marinades: The secret behind thickness and flavor might just be cornstarch or corn-based ingredients.
• Baby foods: Even the youngest foodies might encounter cornstarch and corn-based sweeteners in their meals.
• Dairy products: Keep an eye out for corn-derived additives in cheese spreads, while yogurt might turn to corn-based thickeners and sweeteners.
• Coffee creamers: These creamy companions often owe their texture and flavor enhancement to corn-derived components.