Fish Sauce (Patis)

What is fish sauce?

Fish sauce is a clear, caramel-colored fermented liquid used as a seasoning or a condiment. This liquid has a robust and distinct flavor and aroma that combines saltiness with a hint of funkiness.

It brings depth and a pronounced umami flavor, significantly amplifying the overall taste of dishes. Ideal for soups, stir-fries, and marinades, it's like a culinary secret weapon that takes food to the next level of deliciousness.

To increase yield, manufacturers might add water and salt to the residue for subsequent presses, creating a diluted version. The final bottled sauce often blends the initial press with these subsequent ones.

Some producers might introduce sugar to strike a balance in flavor. However, caution is advised as lower-quality brands may contain additives like MSG, caramel, molasses, or roasted rice.

In the Philippines, fish sauce has a more intense flavor. It's a byproduct of bagoong, a fermented seafood delicacy. The process incorporates various seafood, such as fish, krill, oysters, and clams, with smaller ones like sardines and anchovies.

Instead of removing the fermented solids, they are sold separately. The liquid is extracted from the top layers of fermenting bagoong without pressing. It takes longer to produce than others, typically ranging between six months to a year.

Factors such as pH levels, temperature, and sunlight can affect the fermentation rate. The final liquid is then drained, pasteurized, and bottled, while the residue becomes bagoong.

Is fish sauce good for you?

According to Reader's Digest, fish sauce, like many traditional sauces, offers notable health benefits but also poses some concerns. It's rich in essential amino acids that support sleep, digestion, and metabolism.

Additionally, it supplies iodine essential for thyroid health, along with other vital minerals and vitamins. The sauce also contains omega-3 for heart and brain health, iron, and Vitamin B12.

A primary concern is its high sodium content, which can lead to high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues. Some commercial brands may contain added preservatives. Individuals with fish or shellfish allergies should steer clear of it.

Like many condiments, moderation is key. For those with specific health concerns or dietary restrictions, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended.

Fish sauce brands

When selecting a quality fish sauce, consider the following guidelines. For a more comprehensive guide, check out Hot Thai Kitchen's recommendations on which ones to use or avoid.

Filipino fish sauce is known for its heavier and more intense flavor, but it can be used interchangeably with other brands (like Thai and Vietnamese), adjusting it to your preference.

"Rufina Patis" and "Datu Puti" are known Filipino brands that are affordable, with no added sugar, though they do contain preservatives.

"Three Crabs" has a milder flavor, likely from its higher sugar content, and contains a flavor enhancer. If you don't mind spending a bit more, "Red Boat" is a premium brand labeled as first press extra virgin, offering superior flavor with just two ingredients and without any dilution with water.

How to store

Fish sauce can be stored at room temperature in a cool, dark place alongside other condiments. However, if you use it less often, refrigeration not only extends its shelf life but also preserves its flavor.

While it can last a long time, its optimal flavor is typically within a year. An unopened bottle can remain good for a significant period, often up to 2 to 3 years.

While it's a challenge to replicate the exact taste of fish sauce, there are alternatives available if you don't have it on hand or for different dietary needs:

• Soy Sauce: Although not as complex in flavor, soy sauce can replace the salty aspect of it. For added depth, consider mixing in some chopped anchovies.
• Tamari: This is a gluten-free option similar to soy sauce but slightly richer and less salty.
• Worcestershire Sauce: It has anchovies, providing a touch of the desired fishy umami, though it isn't vegetarian.
• Vegan Fish Sauce: Sold in health food stores or Asian markets, this sauce is typically made from seaweed or mushrooms to mimic the umami flavor of fish sauce.
• Miso Paste: Dissolve a small amount of miso in water to get an umami-rich liquid that can act as a substitute.
• Anchovy Paste: This is another non-vegetarian option. A little goes a long way in emulating the fishy essence of fish sauce.

Fish sauce is an indispensable flavor enhancer in Filipino cuisine. Here's how it's incorporated into local dishes:

• Dipping Sauce: Mixed with calamansi juice (or lemon), garlic, and chilies to enhance the flavors of soups, Crispy Pasta, and grilled meats/vegetables.
• Flavor Enhancer: Just as salt is used to amplify the taste of foods, fish sauce is added to dishes to bring out their flavors. A dash or two can elevate dishes like Paksiw na Isda, Tortang Talong, Tortang Sayote, Chicken Empanada, or Ukoy.
• Marinades: Dishes like inihaw na isda (grilled fish) or inihaw na manok (grilled chicken) use fish sauce to add depth and flavor.
• Stir-fries and Sautés: When making Ginisang Sayote or Ginisang Togue, a splash of patis can enhance the overall dish.
• Noodle Dishes: Whether it's Pancit Malabon, Pancit Bihon, Pancit Canton, Sotanghon Guisado, or Filipino Spaghetti, a bit of patis can add depth and flavor.
• Soups and Stews: Dishes like nilaga, Ginisang Munggo, Beef Caldereta, Sinigang, Almondigas, and Arroz Caldo use patis to elevate the flavors of the dish.

If a recipe doesn't specify fish sauce but needs an umami boost, start by adding a teaspoon and adjusting it according to your taste. Start with a small amount as it is very potent. You can always add more if needed.

Fish sauce has a strong, distinct aroma when raw, but it mellows out and becomes savory and less fishy when cooked or mixed with other ingredients.